Unit1CulturalrelicsGrammar(TheRestrictiveandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause)Aims:Tolearnabouttherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclauseTodiscoversomeusefulwordsandexpressionTodiscoversomeusefulstructuresProcedures:I.WarmingupWarmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionPleaseturntopage3.Doexercises1,2and3first.Pleasecheckyouranswersagainstyourclassmates’.WarmingupbyexplainingNow,class,sinceyou’vereadthepassage,couldyouexplaintomehowtousethephrase“belongto”?Theword“to”hereisapreposition,indicatingthepossession,andisalwaysfollowedbynounsorpronoun.LookatEx3.II.LearningaboutAttributiveClause1.WhatisanadjectiveClause?Anadjectiveclauseisadependentclausewhichtakestheplaceofanadjectiveinanotherclauseorphrase.Likeanadjective,anadjectiveclausemodifiesanounorpronoun,answeringquestionslike“which?”or“whatkindof?”Considerthefollowingexamples:AdjectivetheredcoatAdjectiveclausethecoatwhichIboughtyesterdayLiketheword“red”inthefirstexample,thedependentclause“whichIboughtyesterday”inthesecondexamplemodifiesthenoun“coat.”Notethatanadjectiveclauseusuallycomesafterwhatitmodifies,whileanadjectiveusuallycomesbefore.Informalwriting,anadjectiveclausebeginswiththerelativepronouns“who(m),”“that,”or“which.”Ininformalwritingorspeech,youmayleaveouttherelativepronounwhenitisnotthesubjectoftheadjectiveclause,butyoushouldusuallyincludetherelativepronouninformal,academicwriting:informalThebookspeoplereadweremainlyreligious.formalThebooksthatpeoplereadweremainlyreligious.informalSomefirefightersnevermeetthepeopletheysave.formalSomefirefightersnevermeetthepeoplewhomtheysave.Herearesomemoreexamplesofadjectiveclauses:themeatwhichtheyatewastaintedThisclausemodifiesthenoun“meat”andanswersthequestion“whichmeat?”.They’retalkingaboutthemoviewhichmadehimcryThisclausemodifiesthenoun“movie”andanswersthequestion“whichmovie?”.TheyaresearchingforthestudentwhoborrowedthebookTheclausemodifiesthepronoun“student”andanswersthequestion“whichstudent?”.DidItellyouabouttheauthorwhomImet?Theclausemodifiesthenoun“author”andanswersthequestion“whichauthor?”.2.Restrictive&nonrestrictiveclausesDothefollowingpairsofsentencesmeanthesamething?1aMyuncle,wholivesinLondon,isveryrich.2bMyunclewholivesinLondonisveryrich.2aThepolicies,whichwereunpopular,wererejectedbythevoters.2bThepolicieswhichwereunpopularwererejectedbythevoters.3aMyniece,whosehusbandisoutofwork,willinheritthehouse,whichIhavealwaystreasured.3bMyniecewhosehusbandisoutofworkwillinheritthehousewhichIhavealwaystreasured.Thefirstsentenceineachpairhasanon-restrictiveclausewithintwocommas,andthesecondhasarestrictiveclause.Anon-restrictiveclausesimplyaddsmoreinformationintothesentenceanddoesnotaffectthemeaningofthemainclause:itisthereforebracketedoffwithcommas(1a=anunclewhohappenstoliveinLondon).Conversely,arestrictiveclausedefinesitsreferentinthemainclausemorespecificallyandcontributessignificantlytothemeaningofthesentence.ThusitisthatparticularunclewholivesinLondonwhoisreferredto(1b).In2a,allpolicieswereunpopularandallwererejected,whereasin2bonlythepoliciesthatwereunpopularwererejected.Notethatinrestrictiveclausesthenon-humanrelativepronouniseither‘that’or‘which’,whereasforhumanreferentstherelativepronouncanbeeither‘who/m’or‘that’(themanthat/whomIwillmarry....).3.AtestonFORMALADJECTIVECLAUSESDirections:Combinethesentences.Us...
