非谓语动词的格式化结构总结非谓语动词的教学是我们高中英语语法教学的重点和难点之一,既涉及到时态、语态知识,又涉及到句子成分等问题,还牵涉到谓语和非谓语的区别等。在平时的教学过程中,学生解答这类题目时常采用找非谓语动词与句子相关成分的逻辑关系和非谓语动作先后的方法来解决的,逻辑关系确定非谓语的语态形式,动作发生的先后确定非谓语的时态形式。例:1.Peterreceivedaletterjustnowsayinghisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.(saying的分词短语作aletter的定语,两者之间是主谓的逻辑关系。)2.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillnesstobemade.(Ittook…todo为固定句式,不定式作主语,makeaconnection中make与connection之间是动宾的逻辑关系,→Ittookalongtimeforustomaketheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness.)但在我们教学的过程中,不难发现有些题目学生用找逻辑关系的方法很难解决问题或者说有些题目中非谓语动词与句子的相关成分根本就不存在逻辑关系。例:1.Aandguilty,Heputthebookbackontheshelfshehadsecretlyplacedinherschoolbag.A.FrightenedB.FrighteningC.BeingfrightenedD.tobefrightening(学生在A、B、C中难以取舍,片面地认为“他害怕”是主动的逻辑关系而选B或者认为这里的frighten还是一种行为而选C)2.TechnologinallyA,China’sChang-eprojectdoesbetterthananyearlierprojectofthesamekind.A.speakingB.spokenC.speakD.tospeak(这里的主语China’sChang-eproject与speaking之间没有逻辑关系,而学生则因思维定势习惯地认为“工程被说”是被动,很可能选B.)针对上述情况,笔者把一些与非谓语动词有关的固定结构归纳在一起,形成了一些固定格式——非谓语动词格式化结构:一.“Get+过去分词”结构在这一结构中,get与be一样表被动,就是该过去分词的被动意义,但表示的是动作,而并非状态。1.Havingbeencaughtcheatingintheexam,hegotpunished.2.ThereisnotimeforyoutoBfortheball.A.bedressedB.getdressedC.getdressingD.dress3.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmayBrunoverbyacar.A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn常见用在这一结构的过去分词有:getlost/paid/separated/damaged/run/punished/caught/changed/charged/dressed/hurt/burnt/killed等等。运用这一结构要训练学生把getsth.doing/getsth.done/getsth.todo等区分开来。例:4.Youknowheisnotgoingtoletusleaveearlyiftheworkcan’tBdone.A.gotB.begotC.havegotD.begetting(本题是Getsth.done结构,即ifwecan’tgettheworkdone)5.Letmetrynow,thecarwillbegotC.A.startedB.tostartC.startingD.start(本题是Getsth.doing结构,即I’llgetthecarstarting.)6.Inatimeofsocialreform,people’sstateofmindshouldbegotBpacewiththerapidchangesofsociety.A.keptB.tokeepC.tobekeptD.keeping(本题是getsb.todo结构,即peopleshouldgettheirstateofmindtokeeppacewiththechangesofsociety.)总结:getdone(与句子主语是被动关系)getsb./sth.doing(doing作宾补,与宾语是主动关系)getsb./sth.done(done作宾补,与宾语是被动关系)getsb.todo(“叫…去做”,未发生动作)二.在“be+状态动词的过去分词+介词”在这一结构中,过去分词往往形容词化,没有动作意义,说明主语存在的状态,只有done形式,如:beburiedin/belostin/beknownas/becoveredwith/becrowdedwith等等,碰到这类短语作状语好或定语时,去掉动词be就用。1.Shehasafacemarkedwithworries.(她满脸愁容)2.HespentthewholedayCinhisstudy.A.lockingB.beinglockedC.lockedD.tolock(不可与spendsb.timeindoingsth.混淆。)3.Awithsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Havingfaced总结:但在这些词组中,要区分分词是表状态还是表动作,不可混为一谈。例:4.①Ctohersonalltheseyears,shehasnomomenttorestfor.②Dhisenergiestobeingcrazyaboutgoingon-lineatcollege,hecan’tfindajob.A.TobedevotedB.DevotingC.DevotedD.Havingdevoted(②...