过去分词一、基本概念1.过去分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。1．过去分词作定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词1.过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.激动的人们奔进了大楼。Weneedmorequalifiedteachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，,作后置定语,其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。例如：Thebridge,builtin1950,brokedownyesterday.这座建于1950年的桥昨天塌了。(builtin1950相当于一个定语从句，whichwasbuiltin1950)Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard.眼见为实，耳听为虚。（相当于：Thingswhichareseenaremightierthanthingswhichareheard)总的来说，充当前置修饰语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义，如：abrokencup一只打破的杯子（被动）therisensun已升起的太阳（完成）thefallenleaves落叶（在地上）spokenEnglish口语（2）一般来说，不及物动词的过去分词很少单独作前置修饰语，能这样用的仅限于少数几个词，他们作前置定语时仅指完成意义，而不指被动。如：aretiredworker(aworkerwhohasretired)一个退休工人anescapedprisoner(aprisonerwhohasescaped)一个逃犯fallenleaves(leavesthathavefallen)落叶therisensun(thesunthathasjustrisen)升起了的太阳areturnedstudent(astudentwhohasreturned)回归的学生agrownman(apersonwhohasgrowntoaman'ssize)一个成年人3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。(2)Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。过去分词作表语过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。.Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletters.看完信后,他显得很忧虑.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）注意:过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶Thenewsisverysurprising.这个消息很令人惊讶。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing,amused;encouraging,encouraged;disappointing,disappointed;exciting,excited;puzzling,puzzled;satisfying,satisfied;worrying,worried;tiring,tired;pleasing,pleased;interesting,interested;astonishing,astonished等。2.Doyouknowthenameoftheplay___inthehallnow?A.tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingonCBAA4.Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof_______.A.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthose3.Iborrowedabook______byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.A.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite1.Didyouattendthemeeting______yesterday?A.tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheld5.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_________behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied6.Don’tget_________intherain.A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught7.Thedoorremained_____.A.lockedB.tolockC.lockingD.lock8.MrSmith,____ofthe_____speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring9.Itisbelievedthatifabookis___,itwillsurely___thereader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest10.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.
