UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERSSection Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures(一)关系代词的用法1.定语从句的概述在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格为 whom,所有格为 whose)等,关系副词包括 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用:①引导从句;②指代先行词;③在定语从句中作成分。如:The people whom you met on the campus yesterday are from England.你昨天在大学校园里见到的那些人来自英国。He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun.他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。2.关系代词的用法(1)关系代词有 who, whom, whose, which, that。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示:(2)在定语从句中,使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点:一是先行词是“人”还是“物”;二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。如:He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人,关系代词 who/that 引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语)Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?你们班有谁的父亲是老师?(先行词指人,关系代词 whose 引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作定语)To be frank, I don't like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday.坦率地讲,我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物,关系代词 which/that引导定语从句,并在从句中作宾语,可省略)[巧学妙记]关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。that 可作主宾表,指人指物它都行。which 专来指物用,主语、宾语它也能。who 和 whom 来指人,whom 仅作宾语用。whose 一词作定语,指人指物都管用。(二)关系代词用 that 而不用 which 的情况1 . 当 先 行 词 是 all, much, anything, nothing, little, none 等 不 定 代 词 时(something, everything, anything 作先行词时,关系代词偶尔也可以用 which)She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。2.先行词既有人又有物时I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。3...