问题四：缺乏推理判断的能力【问题描述与分析】推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示 ，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。学生在此类问题的失分较多，主要是无法准确找到答案的位置，很难进行正确推理。考生需要能够通过作品的字面意思去推断作者的言外之意，推理判断错误会影响对文章主题的理解。此题型要求考生纵览全文，在汇集全文提供的各项信息的基础上，进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的情感态度，人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果以及作者写作的手法，此类题属于深层理解题，要把握这类题必须透彻理解全文，认真探究句意，注意逻辑关系及有关的生活常识。考生做题时一定要整体理解语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。该类题失分的原因有以下两种：①没有找准文章中的事实依据，直接根据自己的观点，主观臆断，胡乱推理；②有时候虽然找到了推理的依据。但由于理解不当和斟酌不够，导致推理失误。【例】 They wear the latest fashions with the most uptodate accessories(配饰 ). Yet these are not girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. A generation which would once only wear oldfashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, “Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years—now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly.”Professor Twigg analysed family expenditure( 支出)data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same—at 5 or 6 percent of spe...
