GrammarandusageStep1:GeneralintroductionThegrammaritemsinthisunitfocusonsubordinateclauses.Studentswilllearnthatsubordinateclausesareusedtoexpresslessimportantideasinasentence.Theywillreviewthreemainsubordinateclauses—theadverbialclause,thenounclauseandtheattributiveclause.Theyareexpectedtoknowwhateachclausecanbeusedtoexpressandwhichconjunctionscanbeusedineachclause.Meanwhile,studentsareexpectedtoapplywhattheyhavelearntbyfulfillingsomewrittentasks.Step2:Overviewandpractice:1.Reviewwhatamainclauseisandwhatasubordinateclauseisinasentence.Readthefollowingsentencesandtrytounderlinethemainclauseofeachsentence.1).Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.2).Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposalareexpectedtodiscussitindetailafterthemeeting.3).Therearemanyorganizationswhosepurposeistohelpthehomeless.4).Thedayswhenwehadtorelyonwool,cottonorsilkforourclotheshavenowpassed.5).Airmovesfromplaceswherethepressurewashightoplaceswherethepressureislow.6).Thisisthereasonwhyherefusedtohelpus.7).Hewasbornin1976,whenanearthquakestruckthecountry.8).ThenewsthathehasbeenadmittedbyHarvardUniversityisverypleasing.9).Thenewstheyoutoldmewasreallyexciting.10).Asyoulookatyourselfinamirror,you’llseenanidenticalimageofyourself.11).Itisalongtimebeforeitispossibletotestthemedicineonhumanpatients.12).Astheschoolregulationsarewrittenquiteclearly,thereisnothingmoretobeexplained.13).Consideringthatthesweaterwashardmade,itwasnotexpensive.14).weshoulddotheexerciseasourteachertellsus.15).Youtalkasifyouhadreallybeenthere.16).Nailsprotecttheendsofhumanfingersandtoesasclawprotectthetoesofmostanimals.2.Readthefollowingsentencesinthereadingpassage,tryingtofindsubordinateclauses.1)Canadahasvastareasofwilderness,fromtheArcticnorth,whereaveragewintertemperaturesareusuallyminus20degreescentigrade,tothe8,892-kilometre-longboarderwiththeUSAinthesouth,whichissaidtobethelongestborderintheworldnotdefendedbyanarmyorthepolice.Herewhereaveragewintertemperaturesareusuallyminus20degreescentigradeandwhichissaidtobethelongestborderintheworldnotdefendedbyanarmyorthepolicearethesubordinateclauses.ThepreviousoneexpresseswhatkinkofplaceCanadaisandthelattersubordinateclausegivesmoreinformationabouthelongborder.2)Forthosewholoveoutdooractivities,itispossibletohike,sail,cross—countryskiortravelbysnowmobileforhours—orevendays—withoutmeetinganotherperson.Hereitispossibletohike,sail,cross-countryskiortravelbysnowmobileforhours—orevendays—withoutmeetinganotherpersonisthemainclause.Wholoveoutdooractivitiesisthesubordinateclause,whichdefinesthepronounthoseitfollows.3)HistorianssaythatapproximatelyonemillionpeoplelefttheirhomesfromdifferentareasalloverNorthAmericatoseektheirfortunesinthe‘goldrush’.HistorianssayisthemainclauseandapproximatelyonemillionpeoplelefttheirhomesfromdifferentareasalloverNorthAmericatoseektheirfortunesinthe‘goldrush’isthesubordinateclause,whichfunctionslikeanouninthesentence,asitistheobjectoftheverbsay.3.ReadPart1onpage8.ReadPart1.Adverbialclausescanbeusedtoexpresstime,place,manner,contrast,condition,reason,purposeorresult.Readthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionofeachadverbialclauses:1)Whenyoufindaninterestingbookinabookshop,don’thesitatetobuyitatonce.(expressingtime)2)Wherethereiswaste,thereispollution.(expressingplace)IwanttolivehowIwanttolive.(expressingmanner)3)Althoughitwascold,wewentoutasusual.(expressingcontras...
