Acompletesetofcoursewareforanalyzingsentenc目录CONTENTS•Overviewofpresencecomponents•Sentencetype•Sentencestructureanalysis•AnalysisofCommonSentenceErrors•Practiceandconsolidation01CHAPTEROverviewofpresencecomponentsTheyusuallycomeatthebeginningofasenseandareinthenominalcaseSubjectscanbeeitheranounorpronoun,andtheycanbesingularorpluralSubjectsarethemaincharactersinasense,representingthepersonorthingthatperformstheactionSubjectPredictesaretheactionsorstatesdescribedbythesubjectTheyusuallycomeafterthesubjectandconsensusofaverbandanymodifiersorcompletenessPredictescanbesimple(oneverb)orcomplex(morethanoneverborcombinationofverbsandmodifiers)PredictObjectObjectsarethecharactersorthingsthatreceivetheactiondescribedbythesubjectTheycanbedirect(followingtheverb)orindirect(followingaposition)Objectscanbenouns,pronouns,orevencompletesensesinsomecasesAdvantageousmodifyordescribetheactionorstatedescribedbythepredicateTheycanmodifyverbs,objectives,orotheradvertisementsandareoftenfoundneartheverbAdverbialscanincludepositions,advertisements,andconnectionsAdvisoryAttributesarewordsorphrasesthatdescribeoraddinformationaboutthesubjectTheyarecommonlyfoundafterthesubjectandbeforethepredictionandcanbeheard,objectives,orobjectivephrasesAttribute02CHAPTERSentencetypeSimpleconsiderationsofasubjectandapredicateTheyexpressacompletethoughtandcanstandaloneasastatementExample:"Thecatsatonthemat."SimplesensesExample:"Thecatsatonthemat;thedoglayonthefloor."CompoundsensesaremadeupoftwoormoreindependentclausesIndependentclaimscanstandaloneassentimentsandareconnectedbyacoordinatingconnectionorasemiconductorCompoundsensesComplexsensescontainanindependentclauseandatleastonedependentclauseDependentclausescannotstandaloneassensesandrequireasubjectandpredicateExample:"Afterthecatsatonthemat,thedoglayonthefloor."Complexsenses03CHAPTERSentencestructureanalysisThepersonorthingperformingtheactionSubjectTheactionorstateperformedbythesubjectPredict"Johnwalkedtothestore."ExampleSubjectpredictstructureSubjectPredictObjectExampleSubjectpredictobjectstructure01020304ThepersonorthingperformingtheactionTheactionorstateperformedbythesubjectThepersonorthingaffectedbytheaction"Johngiveabooktohisfriend."(Subject:John,Predicte:give,Object:abook)ThepersonorthingperformingtheactionSubject"Johnbounceagiftforhismother."ExampleTheactionorstateperformedbythesubjectPredictThepersonorthingindirectlyaffectedbytheactionIndirectObjectThepersonorthingdirectlyaffectedbytheactionDirectObject0201030405SubjectpredictdirectobjectstructureSubjectpredictobjectadvisorystructureObjectThepersonorthingaffectedbytheactionPredictTheactionorstateperformedbythesubjectSubjectThepersonorthingperformingtheactionSuperiorAnadditionalelementthatprovidesadditionalinformationabouttheactionorstateExample"Johnquicklyrantothefinishline."ThisstructureislesscommonandisusedwhenthesubjectofthepresenceperformanceanactionthatalsoaffectsitselfExample:"Johnhurthimselfwhilefallingdownthestairs."(Subject:John,Predicte:hurt,SecondSubject:self)Subjectpredictsubjectstructure04CHAPTERAnalysisofCommonSentenceErrorsThesubjectandpredicateareinconsistentinnumber,tense,orvoice.SummarywordThesubjectandpredicatemustbeconsistentinthesentence,includingthenumber(singularorplural),tense(present,past,etc.),andvoice(passiveoractive).Inconsistencycanleadtogrammarerrors.Detaileddescrip...
