（江苏专版）高考英语二轮复习与策略 第1部分 专题3 阅读理解 类型3 科普知识讲练-人教版高三全册英语试题VIP免费

类型3|科普知识考查要点方法技巧1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。2．事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。4．相似事物间的异同。1.理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序。2．把握文章结构：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。3．认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、作比较、打比方等。(2016·江苏高考·C)ElNio，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNioseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNios，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNioin1997－98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti－yeardrought(干旱)insouth－eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutByElNiomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNio，in1997－98，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNioscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster－relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk－reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandcoauthors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNio'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNio，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNioinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62．WhatmayElNiosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat________．A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNiodeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNioanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNio.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNio.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNio.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了厄尔尼诺现...