高中英语 Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION Section Ⅲ Grammar——不定式作定语和状语教学案 新人教版必修第三册-新人教版高中第三册英语教学案VIP专享

Section Ⅲ Grammar——不定式作定语和状语不定式作定语和状语不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，有时 to 可以省略，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。本单元主要讲述不定式作定语和状语的用法。[观察例句]1．I trained for a long time to fly airplane as a fighter pilot.2．As we all know，an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.3．First of all ，you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.4 ． Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.5．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.[归纳用法]1．动词不定式的形式形式主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing2.句式功能(1)动词不定式作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。[提示] (1)不定式作定语需要后置。(2)作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着三种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语(逻辑上的主谓关系)或逻辑宾语(逻辑上的动宾关系)或修饰性关系(同位关系)。① 动宾关系：I have a lot of work to do(要做)．Give me a piece of paper to write on(写)．② 主谓关系：Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat(登上救生艇)．③ 修饰性关系：不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象，它所修饰的词多为抽象名词。need, time, way, right, chance, courage, reason, wish, movement...There is no need for him to come.He has no time to read the book.[提示] 为动宾关系的不定式，必须是及物动词或不及物动词加介词；如果不定式所修饰1的词是 way 或 place，介词可省略。It is a comfortable sofa to sit on.He has no way to go.This is the best place to work(2)不定式作状语：不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。①To learn a foreign...