GrammarandusageTeachingAims:1)Tohelpthemunderstandwhatisaninversion2)Tohelpthemtolearnhowtomakeaninversionandinwhatcasesinversionisused.3)TohelpthemtousewhattheyhaveleanttocompletetherelatedexercisesTeachingDifficultiesandKeys:1)Whenandhowtouseaninversion.2)HowtoapplywhattheyhavelearntTeachingprocedures:Step1:Leading-inT:Showthemonepairofsentencesandaskthemtotellthedifferencesbetweenthem,especiallythechangesinwordorder.①TheywenttotheparklastSunday②DidtheygototheparklastSunday?(Intheabovesentences,thefirstisastatementwhilethesecondisquestion,andinfact,itisaninversion.Remindthemthattheyuseinversioninmostquestions.Tcanletthemtoshowmoresentencesininversionandthenletthemtoreadtheguidelinesonthetopofpage40.LateraskthemtotelltheexactdefinitionofinversionandexplainitinChinese.)Step2.GrammarT:Inversionisthechangingoftheorderofthewordsinthesentence.Whenweuseinversion,weputthepredicateorpartofitbeforethesubject.Thisputsemphasisonthepredicateinsteadofonthesubject.Wecanuseinversioninmanycases.倒装是对句中语序的改变,在使用倒装时将谓语或谓语的一部分置于主语之前(正常语序主语在谓语之前)表示对谓语的强调。T:Explainanyquestionsraisedbystudents.Aftertheyknowwhatinversionis,letthemworkingroupstoreadthepointsonpage40onebyone.FirstletthemsummarizetherulesandthenTandotherstudentsmakesomemodifications.Weuseversioninthefollowingcases:1.Usuallyweputtheauxiliaryverbbeforethesubject.①Whenthesentencebeginswithanegativewordoranegativephrasesuchasneither,nor,not,never,atnotime,seldom,hardly,(rarely,bynomeans,innoway,innotime.)②Whenthesentencebeginswithsoandonly(Whenonlymodifiesthesubject,wedonotinvertthesubjectandthepredicate.)2.Wecanputthesubjectaftertheverb.Whenthesentencebeginswithdirectspeechorpartofit.Whenthesubjectistoolong.Whenthesentencebeginswithhere,there,in,out,up,down,on,etc(Whenthesubjectisapronoun,wedonotuseinvertedorderinthiscase)3.Informalunrealconditionals,wesometimesuseshould,were,andhadtobeginasentence.(‘had’hereisanauxiliaryverbforthepastperfecttense)Step3:PracticeT:Givethestudentsafewminutestogothroughtherulesabove.Texplainsanyquestionsraisedbythem.Thenletthemdosomerelevantexercisestodigesttherules.Askthemturntopage41,andfinishAandB.Severalminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Step4:FurtherExtensionT:Afterexercises,Tcanasksomestudentstoretelltherulesoftheinversion.Thenaskthemtopayspecialattentiontothefollowingcommonstructures.①虚拟条件句中有were,should,had(过去完成时的助动词)则if可以省略,从句倒装。②Notonly…but(also)…连接两个句子,notonly之后的句子倒装,而but(also)之后的不倒装。③not…until…句型,当Notuntil置于句首,主语倒装,Notuntil之后的从句不倒装④结果状语从句…so/such…that…当So/Such置于句首,主语倒装,that引导的从句不倒装。⑤Hardly…when…和Nosooner…than…主句倒装when,than引导的从句不倒装,且主句多用过去完成时,从句多用一般过去是。⑥Neither…nor…连接连个句子,两句都要倒装。⑦As引导让步状语从句,要将as引导的从句中的表语或状语置于as之前构成倒装。如表语是an/a/the+n的结构,倒装后不能由冠词an/a/the修饰。(以上是倒装语法的常见考点,需学生理解掌握。)练习1._____canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard2.____,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis3.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver,_____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize4.NotuntilIbegantowork____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’trealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealized5.—DoyouknowJimquarrelwithhisbrother?—Idon’tknow,_______.1.倒装句,答案为C。2.状语从句的语序应是正常语序,故A、C排除,连词however后必须紧跟形容词或副词,D是正确答案。3.notuntil引导状语从句位于句首时,主句要倒装,答案为A。4.本题考查以否定词开头并修饰状语时的主谓语序,这时原状语可以是副词或介词短语,还可以是从句,而主谓的语序为部分倒装,答案为B。5.本题考查neither或nor连接句子时语序的倒装,答案为B。