高中英语Unit2 The Olympic Games文章 Pausanias人教版必修二VIP免费

PausaniasTheGreektraveler,geographer,PausaniasfromMagnesia(115-180AD),visitedSikyonaround150AD.Inhisbooksgivesnotonlyhispersonalobservationsonmonumentsofartandarchitecturebutalsotopographicalandhistoricalinformation,aswellthereligiouscultsandtheopinionofthenativesoftheplaceshevisited.Laterinhislife,hesettledinRome,wherehecomposedfromhisnotesthe"Periegesis"(TourofGreece)intenbooks.InbookIIdescribesCorinthandSikyon.Theaccuracyofhisdescriptionshavebeenprovedcorrect.PausaniascametoSikyonfromCorinth.ClosetotheGateofthecity,hesawaspringwhosewaterwascomingfromtheroofofacave,theso-called"Stazousa"(drippingspring).Manysuggestionshavebeenmadeaboutthelocationofthespring.InouropinionthisplaceiswherethespringofMikriBrysiistodayandherearesomearguments:Intheeasternplateautheyweretwopossibleentrances,asstillaretoday,thewayPausaniaswascoming.TheSacredGateandthewaytotheplateaufromMikriBrysi.SincehedidnotenterfromtheSacredGate,whichhementionsonlylaterinhisdescription,theoneleftoughttobenearthespringofMikriBrysi,wherethereisapathstilltoday(SaintAthanasios)toascendtotheplateau.ThisexplainswhyhestartshisdescriptionfromtheHellenisticAcropolis.Anyotherentrancemustberejected.ApossibleentranceofPausaniasfromthenorthwestsideoftheplateau,mustbedismissed,thereasonbeingtherearenospringsandcavesthere,secondhewouldhaveseentheStadium,whichhedoesnotmentionandthirditisanunnaturalentrancebecausePausaniaswascomingfromtheeast用心爱心专心(Corinth),notthewest.Anotherpossiblesiteforanentrance,agullyinthemiddleoftheeasternplateau,notexactlyinhisway,ithasalargecave,butitistoosteepanddifficulttoascendandifPausaniascamethroughhere,hewouldhadstarthisdescriptionfromtheAgoraandnotfromtheHellenisticAcropolis.PausaniasbeginshisdescriptionfromtheHellenisticAcropoliswherehefindsthetempleofTycheAkraiaandalittlefurthertheDioscouroiTemple.Thestatuesofthembothweremadefromwood.DescendingfromtheAcropolis,hecametotheTheaterandinthestagehesawastatueofAratos,sonofKleinias,holdingashield.Fromthere,hevisitedthenearbyTempleofDionysoswhosestatuewasmadeofgoldandivoryandathissideswereBakchaiofwhitemarble.Walkingtowardsthemarket,athisright,hesawtheruinedtempleofArtemisLimnaia,averyancienttemple.ThisisidentifiedtodaywiththeexcavatedruinsofatempleoppositetotheRomanbaths.ThenamegiventoArtemis"Limnaia"indicates,thatatthesetimestherewasabundantwaterontheplateau,asalsothedrainageoftheTheatersuggests.Diodorosconfirmsthis.InasortdistancefromthetempleofArtemisandattheentranceinAgora,therewasthesanctuaryofPeitho,theso-calledlater"Phobos"place,whereApolloandArtemiscameafterkillingthePythonatDelphi.ThenexttoittemenosofRomanemperors,wasoncethehouseoftyrantKleon.TheTempleofApollointhemarket,wheretheceremonyfromtheriverSythaswasended,hadbeenfoundedbyProetos,forthesakeofhisdaughtersrecoveringfrommadness.Insidethetempleinoldertimestheywerekeptvariouspreciousobjects.Closeto"Phobos"placewastheHeroonofAratos.PausaniasnowwalkingthroughAgora,hesawtheAltarofIsthmianPoseidonandclosetoitthestatuesofZeus用心爱心专心MeilichiosandArtemisPatroa,bothofthemmadesymbolically,ZeusintheshapeofpyramidandArtemisasacolumn.Fromtherehewenttotheclose-byBouleuterion.Excavationstodayshowsus,thatitwasabigsquarebuilding(40mx41m),havingsixteencolumnsintheinteriorforthesupportoftheroof.Atlatertimesitwasusedasbaths.NexttoittherewasabigStoa,whichPausaniastellusthatwasadedicationbyKlei...