高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练动词不定式1构成2功能3时态4语态5省略6注意事项一、动词不定式的构成一、动词不定式及不定式短语的构成主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing----------1.构成方式：2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not(或never)构成，例如：nottogohomenottohavestudiednottobestudyingnottohavebeendone3.动词不定式前有时可加某些疑问词如：who,what,which,when,where,how,why等，构成一种特殊的不定式短语，如whattodonext,howtogetthere,wheretogetthebooks等。4.动词不定式还可以有自己的逻辑主语，构成另一种特殊的不定式短语，它的构成是“for/of+名词(或代词)+不定式”。如fortheyoungmentostudyEnglishforustolookforajobIt’sverykindofyoutodoso.二、动词不定式的句法功能1、主语2、宾语3、表语4、定语5、状语6、宾语补足语7、插入语动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。注意*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如1.Togettherebycartakesawholeday.2.Tomakeaplanforourfutureisimportant.3.It’sstillaquestionhowtogetenoughmoney.注意*2、动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。1.Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.2.Itispossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.1.Itis+adj.+todostheg:Itisnotsafetodrinkthepollutedwater.Itis+adj.+ofsbtodosthforsbtodostheg:Itiskindofhimtohelp.(Heiskind.)Itisimpossibleforhimtohelpus.(Heisimpossible.x)常用it作形式主语的句型有：常用it作形式主语的句型有：2.Itisa/an+n(crime,mistake,pity,shame,goodidea)+todostheg:Itisanoffencetotakephotoshere.3.Ittakes+…todostheg:Itwouldtakeyearstorebuildthecastle.注意*3、不定式的复合结构有时为了说明不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加for/ofsb.引起的短语，构成for/ofsbtodosth.结构，其中的sb.是不定式发出者即逻辑主语。★如果前面的形容词是表示人的品行的，如：kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever…….则由of取代for。作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。动词不定式做宾语应注意：1.某些及物动词:ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式Tomrefusedtolendmehispen.Shehasagreedtogivehimahand.2.某些及物动词：begin,start,like,love,hate,continue,prefer可用-ing也可用动词不定式(todo)作宾语IprefertogotoParisbyair.IprefergoingtoParisbyair.3.某些及物动词：forget,meanremember,regret,try,goon,等可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但表达的意思不同Iforgettobringmyhomework.Iforgetopeningthewindows.Imean“Ididn’tbringmyhomework.”Imean“Ihaveopenedthewindows.”4.某些动词:tell,advise,show,teach,learn,know,decide,findout等，作其宾语的动词不定式前往往加一个疑问词Idon’tknowhowtocook.Hetoldmehowtogettothestation.5.及物动词want,need,require等，当其主语是“物”时，表示“需要”，常用动词不定式的被动式作宾语。(=want,need,require+doing)Yourbedroomneedstobecleaned.=Yourbedroomneedscleaning.6.wish,hope,plan,be,mean+tohavedone/hadwished….+todo表示原打算干却没能办到1.IhadmeanttogotoShanghaiyesterday,butwasdelayedbythebadweather.2.---Whydidn’tyoucometomybirthdayp...
