分词1. 分词是动词的一种非限定形式。分为现在分词和过去分词。 分词具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带宾语、 状 语。分词的否定形式是在分词前加 not (not knowing , not having received , not having been given ) 例如： Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to school. ( 现在分词完成式） The man being interviewed is a scientist. When asked such a strange question, he didn’t know how to answer . Not knowing his number, I didn’t get in touch with him ( 否定式 )2 现在分词与过去分词的区别 现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上。 在语态上 ，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动意思，过去 分词表示被动意思。在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进 行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。 现在分词 过去分词 比较 : developing countries developed countries the moving story the moved story boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun the falling autumn leaves the fallen autumn leaves 有些过去分词只表示动作的完成，例如 the risen sun the fallen autumn leaves a retired worker a escaped prisoner 有些过去分词只表示动作的被动，例如 a man-made satellite guided missile ( 导弹 ) 3. 分词的语法功能： 1 ）作定语： A barking dog seldom bites. I bought some painted chairs. We attended the meeting held last week. 2) 作表语 : 现在分词表示主语所具有的特征 , 过去分词表示主语所处的状态 The music is much pleasing to the ear. He was lost in thought. The electric wire is broken. Our classroom is crowded. 3) 作宾语补足语：分词一般只在两类动词后作补语， 感觉、感官动词： see observe notice watch hear smell listen to look at feel find 使役、致使动词： catch set have make get start leave keep 此用法中 : 现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义， 过去分词表示 已完成的被动意义She smelt something burningListen to the bird singing in the gardenHe heard his named calledShe felt a great load take...
