The Gerund（动名词） 1. 动名词的形式： 语态时态 主动式 被动式一般式workingbeing worked完成式having workedhaving been worked2. 动名词的否定形式not doingnot having donenot having been donenot being doneeg.Writing to her without getting a reply is better than not writing to her at all.eg.He regretted not having written to her.3. 动名词具有动词的特征，可以带有宾语，宾语补足语，状语等。eg.You must practise reading English aloud.eg.Getting up early is a good habit. 4. 动名词在句中的作用：主语定语表语宾语1) 动名词作主语动名词作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念，即泛指某种行为和动作。eg. Skating on real ice is great fun.eg.Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money.eg.Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.eg.Reading history helps broaden your world outlook.动名词结构作主语，通常也有两种位置；一种是位于句首；另一种是用 it 作形式主语，而将动名词结构后置。eg.It is no use blaming him now. eg.It’s interesting collecting stamps.eg.It is pleasant working with you.eg.It’s waste of time searching for a ring in the woods.* 不定式和动名词结构都能作主语，但从语义上看，用动名词结构作主语泛指意义较强，而不定式作 主语具体的一次性动作。eg.Reading novels is an enjoyment.eg.To read this novel is my homework.Compare:2 ）动名词作表语动名词结构作 表语也是泛指意义较强，而不定式结构作 表语多指具体的一次性动作。eg.My hobby is growing flowers. eg.My favourite sport is playing tennis.eg.What I thought most was going to China.Compare:What I’m going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.What I am told to do is to go to China at once.* 表语往往要求在结构形式上与主语一致，如果主语是动名词结构，表语往往也要用动名词结构；主语如果是不定式结构，则表语也要求用不定式结构。Laying down arms is giving up the revolutionary cause.To lay arms is to give up the revolutionary cause.Example: 3) 动名词作定语动名词作定语通常...
