第四讲 句子类型Ⅰ.句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句1．简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。常见的五种基本简单句句型：①S＋V (主语＋谓语)②S＋V＋P (主语＋系语＋表语)③S＋V＋O (主语＋谓语＋宾语)④S＋V＋IO＋DO (主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)⑤S＋V＋O＋C (主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)◆They talked for half an hour.(主语＋谓语)他们谈了半个小时。 ◆Everything looks different.(主语＋系语＋表语)一切看来都不同了。◆He has refused to help them. (主语＋谓语＋宾语)他拒绝帮他们。◆I showed him my pictures. (主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)我给他看我的照片。◆They painted the door green. (主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)他们把门漆成绿色。2．并列句由并列连词(and, but, or 等)或分号(；)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。并列句的分类：(1)表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not only...but also..., neither...nor..., then等连接。 ◆The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 老师的名字叫史密斯，学生的名字叫约翰。(2)表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either...or..., otherwise 等。◆Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.快点，否则你就赶不上火车了。(3)表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。◆He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他是个戴着深度眼镜的小个子，但他有一种奇怪的方法使他的课生动有趣。(4)表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so, for, therefore 等。◆August is the time of the year for harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 八月是一年中收获的季节，所以我每天从黎明一直工作到天黑。3．复合句是含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。根据从句在句中的语法作用，可分为状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。◆When he knocked at the door，I was working at the table.他敲门时我正在桌旁工作。(状语从句)◆Although/Though/While the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the su...
