SectionⅣGrammar被动语态和by+v.ing形式1.(教材P32)Riceisalsogrown(grow)inmanyotherAsiancountries,andinsomeEuropeancountrieslikeItaly.2.(教材P32)YuanLongpingwasbornandbrought(bring)upinChina.3.(教材P32)Asaboyhewas__educated(educate)inmanyschoolsandwas__given(give)thenickname,“thestudentwhoasksquestions”.4.(教材P32)Hethoughttherewasonlyonewaytodothis—bycrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,andthenhecouldproduceanewplantwhichcouldgiveahigheryieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants.5.(教材P32)Theresultsofhisexperimentswere__published(publish)inChinain1966.6.(教材P32)InPakistanriceisthesecondmostimportantcropafterwheatandwill__be__grown(grow)inmanypartsofthecountry.7.(教材P32)Thenewhybridricehas__been__developed(develop)bytheYuanLongpingHightechAgriculturalCompanyofChina.被动语态英语中动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,动作的执行者可用by引出。被动语态主要用于当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。被动语态的一般构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。1.被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are+过去分词am/is/are+being+过去分词has/have+been+过去分词过去was/were+过去分词was/were+being+过去分词hadbeen+过去分词将来shall/will+be+过去分词shall/will+havebeen+过去分词过去将来should/would+be+过去分词should/would+havebeen+过去分词◆(2018·天津卷)Mywashingmachineisbeingrepairedthisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.我的洗衣机本周正在修理,所以我得用手洗衣服。◆(2016·北京卷)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.这些学生一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会获得成功。◆(重庆卷)Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家乡,所有的麦子被收割后,总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。◆Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodeartharewashedawayeachyear.因为许多森林被毁,每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。2.“get+过去分词”构成被动语态这种结构多用在口语中,强调动作的结果,动作的执行者一般不指出来。◆Theboygothurtwhenhewasridingtoschool.那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。没有被动语态的常见动词或动词短语:(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词(短语)有:have有;cost花费;lack缺少;own拥有;suit适合;hold抓住;fit适合;belongto属于;takepartin参加。(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有:happen/takeplace/occur发生;remain剩下;breakout爆发;last持续;comeout出版;comeup被提出;loseheart失去信心;datefrom/backto追溯到;runout用完。3.被动语态的特殊情况(1)情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词◆Thisbookmustnotbetakenoutofthelibrary.本书不得带出图书馆。(2)感官动词(see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat)或使役动词make等后接不带to的不定式作宾补,但变被动语态时,不定式符号to必须加上。◆Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitarinthehouse.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitarbyusinthehouse.我们经常听到他在房间里弹吉他。(3)主动形式表示被动意义的情况:①系动词(feel,look,seem,taste,sound,become,turn,prove,get,grow等)+形容词,构成系表结构。◆Thisshirtfeelsmuchsofterthanthatone.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软多了。②表示主语的特征或特点的动词,如write,sell,wash,cook等常用主动形式表示被动含义,这时常与副词easily,well等连用。◆Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布很好洗。◆Hisnewnovelsellswell.他的新小说很畅销。by+v.ing形式by可以表示方法、方式、手段等,意为“通过……方式,靠……,凭……”,后接v.ing作宾...