高中化学竞赛辅导 无机化学 16.2配位化合物的同分异构现象知识点素材-人教版高中全册化学素材

§16-2 配位化合物的同分异构现象The Isomerism of Complexes一、总论： 1．Definition：凡是化学组成相同的若干配合物，因原子间的连接方式或空间排列方式的 不 同 而 引 起 的 结 构 和 性 质 不 同 的 现 象 ， 称 为 配 合 物 的 同 分 异 构 现 象（isomerism）。 2．Classification (1) 化学结构异构现象（chemical structure isomerism）：化学组成相同，原子间的连接方式不同而引起的异构现象，称为化学结构异构现象。例如：[Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+ 和 [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]2+ (2) 立体异构现象（stereo isomerism）：化学组成相同，空间排列不同而引起的异构现象，称为立体异构现象。例如：Pt(NH3)2Cl2 cis – 二 氯 · 二 氨 合 铂 (II) trans - 二氯·二氨合铂(II)二、化学结构异构现象，大致分为五类：Ionization isomerism, Hydrate isomerism, Linkage isomerism, Coordination isomerism,Polymerization isomerism. 1．Ionization isomerism (1) Two coordination compounds which differ in the distribution of ions between those directly coordinated and counter-ions present in the crystal lattice are called ionization isomers. (2) e.g. [Cr(NH3)5Br]SO4 and [Cr(NH3)5SO4]Br 2．Hydrate isomerism (Solvent isomerism) (1) Hydrate isomerism is similar to ionization isomerism except that an uncharged ligand changes from being coordinated to a free-lattice position whilst another ligand moves in the opposite sense.(2) e.g. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 ，[Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2·H2O ，[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl·2H2O 3．Linkage isomerism (1) The first example of this type of isomerism was provided by Jrgensen, Werner’s contemporary. His method of preparation was as follows： (2) It deals with a few ligands (ambidenatate) that are capable of bonding through are type of donor atom in one situation not a different atom in another complex. Some authors refer to this type of isomerism as “structural isomerism” but inasmuch as all isomerism is basically “structural” , t...