SectionⅤReading(Ⅲ)(Lesson4&CommunicationWorkshop)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.acquireA．adj.值得的()2.worthyB．vt.力劝，强烈要求()3.defenceC．v.启发；鼓舞()4.ignoreD．adj.有用的，有益的()5.assumptionE．vt.(使)适应()6.urgeF．adj.极其重要的()7.inspireG．vt.忽视，不顾()8.vitalH．n.保卫，保护()9.beneficialI．vt.获得，得到()10.adaptJ．n.假定，假设[答案]1－5IAHGJ6－10BCFDEⅡ.选择下列句中相应词组的汉语意思()1.Conditionsherearenotwhatsheisaccustomedto.()2.Theseforeignershaveputforwardaproposalforajointventure.()3.Wecan'tapproveofthissortofthing.()4.Hisnovelstendtobeveryboring.()5.Asawhole,oureffortsdidnotprovetobefutile.[答案]1－5DBECA教师独具(教师用书独具)“Whoquestionsmuch，shalllearnmuch，andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561－1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding①.Tostartwith，youneedquestions.Then，tofindanswers，youobservetheworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus，modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.However，inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge②，hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.BaconheldanimportantrankunderKingJames(1566－1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucraticdetailsofthegovernment，buttheworthysearchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime，peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642)，whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved③.Theypreferredtomakeassumptionsabouttheworldbasedontheexperienceofothers.Infact，whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse，insteadofbelievinghim，peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2000yearsold！“勤于提问的人学到更多，并且记忆更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根(1561－1626)我们如何获取知识以及如何理解现在似乎很显而易见。首先，你需要问题。然后为了找到答案你观察自己周围的世界，并且研究事实之后你考虑可能的答案，并且加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎敲进几个关键词，等待互联网吐出答案，现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题对我们来说很幸运。然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的方式时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士(1566－1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对知识的不断追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数诗人的兴趣。那时人们更愿意相信宗教，而不是事实。伽利略(1564－1642)这样证明了例如地球不是宇宙的中心等科学观点的人常常受教会惩罚。教会和许多人经常忽略事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直坚信的一切，他们宁愿以前人的经验为依据对世界做出假设。事实上，当伽利略证实地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不相信他的话，却要相信几乎是两千年以前的观点。[助读讲解]①it作形式主语，真正的主语是how引导的从句。②when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the17thcentury；that引导宾语从句。③what引导从句作challenge的宾语。ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)④.HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebe...
