SectionⅥLesson4[原文呈现]“Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561-1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquire①knowledgeandunderstanding②.Tostartwith③,youneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,youobserve④theworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.⑤Althoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedto⑥typingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheanswerout⑦forus,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—⑧luckilyforus.①acquire[′kwaI]əəvt.获得,得到②it作形式主语,how引导的从句为真正的主语。③tostartwith=tobeginwith首先④observev.观察;遵守⑤although引导让步状语从句,可与still,yet连用,不与but连用。⑥be/getaccustomedto习惯于(to为介词)be/getusedto习惯于⑦spitout吐出⑧破折号表示解释说明。“勤于提问的人学到的更多,并且记住的更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根(1561-1626)[第1段译文]我们如何获取知识及如何理解现在似乎显而易见。首先,你需要提出问题。然后,为了找到答案,你观察自己周围的世界,并研究事实。之后,你考虑可能的答案,并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎里敲进几个关键词,等待互联网为我们吐出答案;然而对我们来说幸运的是,当代的科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法来解决世界上的问题。However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinking⑨wasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainst⑩theviewsoftheday⑪.Baconheldanimportantrank⑫underKingJames(1566—1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucratic⑬detailsofthegovernment,buttheworthy⑭searchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligion⑮thaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564—1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence⑯.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedto⑰ignore⑱thefactsandwereunwilling⑲tochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved⑳.Theypreferredtomakeassumptions○abouttheworldbasedon○theexperienceofothers○.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold!⑨thinking[′θIkI]ŋŋn.思考,考虑⑩goagainst违背,反对⑪when引导定语从句,修饰先行词the17thcentury;that引导宾语从句。⑫rank[ræk]ŋn.职衔⑬bureaucratic[bjˌʊr'krætIk]əəadj.官僚的⑭worthy['wɜːði]adj.值得的beworthy值得做某事⑮religion[rI'lIdʒn]ən.宗教⑯defence[dI'fens]n.保卫,保护indefenceof保卫……;为……辩护⑰tendto往往会,倾向于⑱ignore[Iɡ'nɔː]vt.忽视,不顾⑲unwilling[ʌn'wIlI]ŋadj.不情愿的⑳what引导的从句作challenge的宾语。○assumption['səʌmpʃn]ən.假定,假设ontheassumptionthat...假定……,假设……○(be)basedon以……为基础○basedon...是过去分词短语作后置定语。[第2段译文]然而,在17世纪,当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的途径时,他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士国王1566-1625统治时期,培根是一位身居要职的官员,但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节,而是对知识的崇高追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数人的兴趣。那时,人们更多地相信宗教,而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱1564-1642这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。教会和许多人往往会忽视事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直习惯于相信的一切。他们宁愿以其他人的经验为依据对世界作出假设。事实上,当伽利莱证实地球不是宇宙的中心时,人们不相信他的...