第四讲说明文(1)开篇点题，目标明确。做说明文体裁的完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，比如是具体实物还是理论概念。因为明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近几年的说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。(2)难度较大，结构严谨。说明文往往比较正式，表述准确严谨，句子较长，结构较为复杂。(3)用词简练，条理清晰。说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程以及规律等。说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采用时间顺序(先后顺序)、空间顺序(从局部到整体、从上到下，从内到外)、逻辑顺序(先因后果、先果后因、先主后次，由此及彼、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质)来说明事物或事理。1．明确说明对象，理清段落关系。通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括，总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。2．弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络。在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等。)文本示例(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March—____41____sixmonthsoutoftheyear.“Ofcourse,we____42____itwhenthesunisshining，”saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown'stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis____43____，butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker－it'slikeona____44____day”．Butthat____45____whenasystemofhightech____46____wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks(山峰)intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents(居民)ofRjukan____47____theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto____48____.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat____49____themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe____50____andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam(束)oflightontothetown'scentral____51____，creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight____52____，Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.“Peoplehavebeen____53____thereandstandingthereandtaking____54____ofeachother，”Rosays.“Thetownsquarewastotally____55____.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.”The3,500residentscannotall____56____thesunshineatthesametime.____57____，thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown's____58____residents.“It'snotvery____59____，”shesays,“butitisenoughwhenweare____60____.”41.A.onlyB．obviouslyC.nearlyD．precisely42.A.fearB．believeC.hearD．notice43.A.emptyB．blueC.highD．wide44.A.cloudyB．normalC.differentD．warm45.A.helpedB．changedC.happenedD．mattered46.A.computersB．telescopesC.mirrorsD．cameras47.A.rememberedB．forecastedC.receivedD．imagined48.A.repairB．riskC.restD．use49.A.forbidsB．directsC.predictsD．follows50.A.dayB．nightC.monthD．year51.A.libraryB．hallC.squareD．street52.A.appearedB．returnedC.fadedD．stopped53.A.drivingB．hidingC.campingD．sitting54.A.picturesB．notesC.careD．hold55.A.newB．fullC.flatD．silent56.A.blockB．avoidC.enjoyD．store57.A.InsteadB．HoweverC.GraduallyD．Similarly58.A.naturelovingB．energysavingC.weatherbeatenD．sunstarved59.A.bigB．clearC.coldD．easy60.A.tryingB．waitingC.watchingD．sharing考场思维◆[第一步]速读全文，查找说明对象What'sthepassagemainlyabout？高科技反射板让山谷中的居民在冬天能享受阳光。◆[第二步]理顺脉络，把握结构文章结构...
